I never have. Pulp has a gutter tawdriness that Fleming studiously avoided. He was too much a toff to descend to pulp (also too anit-American to embrace so quintessential a genre as pulp).
I think we have differing definitions of pulp at odds here. To me pulp has always included the heroic likes of Doc Savage, The Shadow, Tarzan, Conan, The Spider and many others, all going up against nefarious villainous plots. None of these really includes gutter tawdriness in their DNA to my knowledge, and I’ve read much of this strain of pulp.
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You are correct. I was being narrow, and thinking of pulp of stories in the Black Mask tradition, and ignoring all the other pulp presses that existed. Thanks for the correction.
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